It avoids dividing by 8 when deserializing a tx, which is a slow
operation, and multiplies by 8 when verifying and extracing the
amount, which is much faster as well as less frequent
- IRC: [#monero-dev on Libera](https://web.libera.chat/#monero-dev)
- It is HIGHLY recommended that you join the #monero-dev IRC channel if you are developing software that uses Monero. Due to the nature of this open source software project, joining this channel and idling is the best way to stay updated on best practices and new developments in the Monero ecosystem. All you need to do is join the IRC channel and idle to stay updated with the latest in Monero development. If you do not, you risk wasting resources on developing integrations that are not compatible with the Monero network. The Monero core team and community continuously make efforts to communicate updates, developments, and documentation via other platforms – but for the best information, you need to talk to other Monero developers, and they are on IRC. #monero-dev is about Monero development, not getting help about using Monero, or help about development of other software, including yours, unless it also pertains to Monero code itself. For these cases, checkout #monero.
- We are also available via [HackerOne](https://hackerone.com/monero)
## Research
The [Monero Research Lab](https://src.getmonero.org/resources/research-lab/) is an open forum where the community coordinates research into Monero cryptography, protocols, fungibility, analysis, and more. We welcome collaboration and contributions from outside researchers! Because not all Lab work and publications are distributed as traditional preprints or articles, they may be easy to miss if you are conducting literature reviews for your own Monero research. You are encouraged to get in touch with our researchers if you have questions, wish to collaborate, or would like guidance to help avoid unnecessarily duplicating earlier or known work.
Our researchers are available on IRC in [#monero-research-lab on Libera](https://web.libera.chat/#monero-research-lab) or by email:
- Sarang Noether, Ph.D.: [sarang@getmonero.org](mailto:sarang@getmonero.org) or [sarang.noether@protonmail.com](mailto:sarang.noether@protonmail.com); [research repository](https://github.com/SarangNoether/research-lab)
- You can subscribe to an [announcement listserv](https://lists.getmonero.org) to get critical announcements from the Monero core team. The announcement list can be very helpful for knowing when software updates are needed.
## Translations
The CLI wallet is available in different languages. If you want to help translate it, see our self-hosted localization platform, Weblate, on [translate.getmonero.org]( https://translate.getmonero.org/projects/monero/cli-wallet/). Every translation *must* be uploaded on the platform, pull requests directly editing the code in this repository will be closed. If you need help with Weblate, you can find a guide with screenshots [here](https://github.com/monero-ecosystem/monero-translations/blob/master/weblate.md).
If you need help/support/info about translations, contact the localization workgroup. You can find the complete list of contacts on the repository of the workgroup: [monero-translations](https://github.com/monero-ecosystem/monero-translations#contacts).
Monero is a private, secure, untraceable, decentralised digital currency. You are your bank, you control your funds, and nobody can trace your transfers unless you allow them to do so.
**Privacy:** Monero uses a cryptographically sound system to allow you to send and receive funds without your transactions being easily revealed on the blockchain (the ledger of transactions that everyone has). This ensures that your purchases, receipts, and all transfers remain private by default.
Wownero is a privacy-centric memecoin that was fairly launched on April 1, 2018 with no pre-mine, stealth-mine or ICO. Wownero has a maximum supply of around 184 million WOW with a slow and steady emission over 50 years. It is a fork of Monero, but with its own genesis block, so there is no degradation of privacy due to ring signatures using different participants for the same tx outputs on opposing forks.
**Security:** Using the power of a distributed peer-to-peer consensus network, every transaction on the network is cryptographically secured. Individual wallets have a 25-word mnemonic seed that is only displayed once and can be written down to backup the wallet. Wallet files should be encrypted with a strong passphrase to ensure they are useless if ever stolen.
## Supporting the project
**Untraceability:** By taking advantage of ring signatures, a special property of a certain type of cryptography, Monero is able to ensure that transactions are not only untraceable but have an optional measure of ambiguity that ensures that transactions cannot easily be tied back to an individual user or computer.
Wownero is a 100% community-sponsored endeavor. Supporting services are also graciously provided by sponsors:
**Decentralization:** The utility of Monero depends on its decentralised peer-to-peer consensus network - anyone should be able to run the monero software, validate the integrity of the blockchain, and participate in all aspects of the monero network using consumer-grade commodity hardware. Decentralization of the monero network is maintained by software development that minimizes the costs of running the monero software and inhibits the proliferation of specialized, non-commodity hardware.
Developers are volunteers doing this mostly for shits and giggles. If you would like to support our shenanigans and stimulant addictions, please consider donating to [WFS proposals](https://funding.wownero.com/proposals) or the dev slush fund.
This is the core implementation of Monero. It is open source and completely free to use without restrictions, except for those specified in the license agreement below. There are no restrictions on anyone creating an alternative implementation of Monero that uses the protocol and network in a compatible manner.
### Donation Addresses
As with many development projects, the repository on Github is considered to be the "staging" area for the latest changes. Before changes are merged into that branch on the main repository, they are tested by individual developers in their own branches, submitted as a pull request, and then subsequently tested by contributors who focus on testing and code reviews. That having been said, the repository should be carefully considered before using it in a production environment, unless there is a patch in the repository for a particular show-stopping issue you are experiencing. It is generally a better idea to use a tagged release for stability.
**Anyone is welcome to contribute to Monero's codebase!** If you have a fix or code change, feel free to submit it as a pull request directly to the "master" branch. In cases where the change is relatively small or does not affect other parts of the codebase, it may be merged in immediately by any one of the collaborators. On the other hand, if the change is particularly large or complex, it is expected that it will be discussed at length either well in advance of the pull request being submitted, or even directly on the pull request.
Monero is a 100% community-sponsored endeavor. If you want to join our efforts, the easiest thing you can do is support the project financially. Both Monero and Bitcoin donations can be made to **donate.getmonero.org** if using a client that supports the [OpenAlias](https://openalias.org) standard. Alternatively, you can send XMR to the Monero donation address via the `donate` command (type `help` in the command-line wallet for details).
The Monero donation address is: `888tNkZrPN6JsEgekjMnABU4TBzc2Dt29EPAvkRxbANsAnjyPbb3iQ1YBRk1UXcdRsiKc9dhwMVgN5S9cQUiyoogDavup3H` (viewkey: `f359631075708155cc3d92a32b75a7d02a5dcf27756707b47a2b31b21c389501`; base address for restoring with address and viewkey: `44AFFq5kSiGBoZ4NMDwYtN18obc8AemS33DBLWs3H7otXft3XjrpDtQGv7SqSsaBYBb98uNbr2VBBEt7f2wfn3RVGQBEP3A`)
BTC: `bc1qcw9zglp3fxyl25zswemw7jczlqryms2lsmu464`
The Bitcoin donation address is: `1KTexdemPdxSBcG55heUuTjDRYqbC5ZL8H`
### Open Collective
Core development funding and/or some supporting services are also graciously provided by [sponsors](https://www.getmonero.org/community/sponsorships/):
Open Collective is an online funding platform for open source software and collaborative communities. The platform brings together legal entities that act as a “Fiscal Host”, “Collectives” (unincorporated, community-based projects), and individuals interested in supporting projects with donations. Fiscal hosts hold donations for collectives in trust and handle all the taxes and legal stuff.
Wownero is hosted by Open Collective Europe, a Brussels-based non-profit that hosts many other collectives, such as Manjaro, EndeavourOS, Xfce, and peertube.social. If you would like donate to the Wownero Project using this method, you can check out our [Wownero - Open Collective](https://opencollective.com/wownero) page.
There are also several mining pools that kindly donate a portion of their fees, [a list of them can be found on our Bitcointalk post](https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=583449.0).
## Release staging and Contributing
## License
**Anyone is welcome to contribute to Wownero's codebase!**
See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
If you have a fix or code change, feel free to submit it as a pull request. Ahead of a scheduled software upgrade, a development branch will be created with the new release version tag. Pull requests that address bugs should be made to Master. Pull requests that require review and testing (generally, optimizations and new features) should be made to the development branch. All pull requests will be considered safe until the US dollar valuation of 1 Wownero equals $1000. After this valuation has been reached, more research will be needed to introduce experimental cryptography and/or code into the codebase.
## Contributing
Things to Do, Work in Progress, and Help Wanted tasks are tracked in the [Meta](https://git.wownero.com/wownero/meta/issues) repo.
If you want to help out, see [CONTRIBUTING](docs/CONTRIBUTING.md) for a set of guidelines.
Join `#wownero-dev` on IRC OFTC to participate in development conversation.
## Scheduled software upgrades
Monero uses a fixed-schedule software upgrade (hard fork) mechanism to implement new features. This means that users of Monero (end users and service providers) should run current versions and upgrade their software on a regular schedule. Software upgrades occur during the months of April and October. The required software for these upgrades will be available prior to the scheduled date. Please check the repository prior to this date for the proper Monero software version. Below is the historical schedule and the projected schedule for the next upgrade.
Wownero uses a fixed-schedule software upgrade (hard fork) mechanism to implement new features. This means that users of Wownero (end users and service providers) should run current versions and upgrade their software on a regular schedule. The required software for these upgrades will be available prior to the scheduled date. Please check the repository prior to this date for the proper Wownero software version. Below is the historical schedule and the projected schedule for the next upgrade.
Dates are provided in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
| Software upgrade block height | Date | Fork version | Minimum Monero version | Recommended Monero version | Details |
| Software upgrade block height | Date | Release Name | Minimum Wownero version | Recommended Wownero version | Details |
| 1788000 | 2019-03-09 | v10 | v0.14.0.0 | v0.14.1.2 | New PoW based on Cryptonight-R, new block weight algorithm, slightly more efficient RingCT format
| 1788720 | 2019-03-10 | v11 | v0.14.0.0 | v0.14.1.2 | forbid old RingCT transaction format
| 1978433 | 2019-11-30* | v12 | v0.15.0.0 | v0.16.0.0 | New PoW based on RandomX, only allow >= 2 outputs, change to the block median used to calculate penalty, v1 coinbases are forbidden, rct sigs in coinbase forbidden, 10 block lock time for incoming outputs
| 2210000 | 2020-10-17 | v13 | v0.17.0.0 | v0.17.1.1 | New CLSAG transaction format
| 2210720 | 2020-10-18 | v14 | v0.17.1.1 | v0.17.1.7 | forbid old MLSAG transaction format
| 114,969 | 2019-06-14 | F For Fappening | v0.6.1.0 | v0.6.1.2 | RandomWOW, new block weight algorithm, slightly more efficient RingCT format
| 160,777 | 2019-11-20 | Gaping Goatse | v0.7.0.0 | v0.7.1.0 | Only allow >= 2 outputs, change to the block median used to calculate penalty, rct sigs in coinbase forbidden, 4 unlock time as protocol rule
| 331,170 | 2021-07-04 | Junkie Jeff | v0.10.0.0 | v0.10.0.0 | Bulletproofs+, Miner Block Header Signing, Vote by Block, Change coinbase unlock time to 1 day, Reset difficulty and switch back to Monero's difficulty algorithm
X's indicate that these details have not been determined as of commit date.
\* indicates estimate as of commit date
## Release staging schedule and protocol
Approximately three months prior to a scheduled software upgrade, a branch from master will be created with the new release version tag. Pull requests that address bugs should then be made to both master and the new release branch. Pull requests that require extensive review and testing (generally, optimizations and new features) should *not* be made to the release branch.
## Compiling Monero from source
### Dependencies
The following table summarizes the tools and libraries required to build. A
few of the libraries are also included in this repository (marked as
"Vendored"). By default, the build uses the library installed on the system
and ignores the vendored sources. However, if no library is found installed on
the system, then the vendored source will be built and used. The vendored
sources are also used for statically-linked builds because distribution
packages often include only shared library binaries (`.so`) but not static
library archives (`.a`).
| Dep | Min. version | Vendored | Debian/Ubuntu pkg | Arch pkg | Void pkg | Fedora pkg | Optional | Purpose |
[1] On Debian/Ubuntu `libgtest-dev` only includes sources and headers. You must
build the library binary manually. This can be done with the following command ```sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev && cd /usr/src/gtest && sudo cmake . && sudo make && sudo mv libg* /usr/lib/ ```
[2] libnorm-dev is needed if your zmq library was built with libnorm, and not needed otherwise
Install all dependencies at once on Debian/Ubuntu:
*Note*: If there are submodule differences between branches, you may need
to use ```git submodule sync && git submodule update``` after changing branches
to build successfully.
### Build instructions
Monero uses the CMake build system and a top-level [Makefile](Makefile) that
invokes cmake commands as needed.
#### On Linux and macOS
* Install the dependencies
* Change to the root of the source code directory, change to the most recent release branch, and build:
```bash
cd monero
git checkout release-v0.17
make
```
*Optional*: If your machine has several cores and enough memory, enable
parallel build by running `make -j<number of threads>` instead of `make`. For
this to be worthwhile, the machine should have one core and about 2GB of RAM
available per thread.
*Note*: The instructions above will compile the most stable release of the
Monero software. If you would like to use and test the most recent software,
use ```git checkout master```. The master branch may contain updates that are
both unstable and incompatible with release software, though testing is always
encouraged.
* The resulting executables can be found in `build/release/bin`
* Add `PATH="$PATH:$HOME/monero/build/release/bin"` to `.profile`
* Run Monero with `monerod --detach`
* **Optional**: build and run the test suite to verify the binaries:
```bash
make release-test
```
*NOTE*: `core_tests` test may take a few hours to complete.
* **Optional**: to build binaries suitable for debugging:
```bash
make debug
```
* **Optional**: to build statically-linked binaries:
```bash
make release-static
```
Dependencies need to be built with -fPIC. Static libraries usually aren't, so you may have to build them yourself with -fPIC. Refer to their documentation for how to build them.
* **Optional**: build documentation in `doc/html` (omit `HAVE_DOT=YES` if `graphviz` is not installed):
```bash
HAVE_DOT=YES doxygen Doxyfile
```
* **Optional**: use ccache not to rebuild translation units, that haven't really changed. Monero's CMakeLists.txt file automatically handles it
```bash
sudo apt install ccache
```
#### On the Raspberry Pi
Tested on a Raspberry Pi Zero with a clean install of minimal Raspbian Stretch (2017-09-07 or later) from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/. If you are using Raspian Jessie, [please see note in the following section](#note-for-raspbian-jessie-users).
* `apt-get update && apt-get upgrade` to install all of the latest software
* Install the dependencies for Monero from the 'Debian' column in the table above.
* Increase the system swap size:
```bash
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop
sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start
```
* If using an external hard disk without an external power supply, ensure it gets enough power to avoid hardware issues when syncing, by adding the line "max_usb_current=1" to /boot/config.txt
* Clone Monero and checkout the most recent release version:
* The resulting executables can be found in `build/release/bin`
* Add `export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/monero/build/release/bin"` to `$HOME/.profile`
* Run `source $HOME/.profile`
* Run Monero with `monerod --detach`
* You may wish to reduce the size of the swap file after the build has finished, and delete the boost directory from your home directory
#### *Note for Raspbian Jessie users:*
If you are using the older Raspbian Jessie image, compiling Monero is a bit more complicated. The version of Boost available in the Debian Jessie repositories is too old to use with Monero, and thus you must compile a newer version yourself. The following explains the extra steps and has been tested on a Raspberry Pi 2 with a clean install of minimal Raspbian Jessie.
* As before, `apt-get update && apt-get upgrade` to install all of the latest software, and increase the system swap size
```bash
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop
sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile
CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start
```
* Then, install the dependencies for Monero except for `libunwind` and `libboost-all-dev`
* Install the latest version of boost (this may first require invoking `apt-get remove --purge libboost*-dev` to remove a previous version if you're not using a clean install):
sudo ./bjam cxxflags=-fPIC cflags=-fPIC -a install
```
* Wait ~4 hours
* From here, follow the [general Raspberry Pi instructions](#on-the-raspberry-pi) from the "Clone Monero and checkout most recent release version" step.
#### On Windows:
Binaries for Windows are built on Windows using the MinGW toolchain within
[MSYS2 environment](https://www.msys2.org). The MSYS2 environment emulates a
POSIX system. The toolchain runs within the environment and *cross-compiles*
binaries that can run outside of the environment as a regular Windows
application.
**Preparing the build environment**
* Download and install the [MSYS2 installer](https://www.msys2.org), either the 64-bit or the 32-bit package, depending on your system.
* Open the MSYS shell via the `MSYS2 Shell` shortcut
* Update packages using pacman:
```bash
pacman -Syu
```
* Exit the MSYS shell using Alt+F4
* Edit the properties for the `MSYS2 Shell` shortcut changing "msys2_shell.bat" to "msys2_shell.cmd -mingw64" for 64-bit builds or "msys2_shell.cmd -mingw32" for 32-bit builds
* Restart MSYS shell via modified shortcut and update packages again using pacman:
```bash
pacman -Syu
```
* Install dependencies:
To build for 64-bit Windows:
```bash
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain make mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-boost mingw-w64-x86_64-openssl mingw-w64-x86_64-zeromq mingw-w64-x86_64-libsodium mingw-w64-x86_64-hidapi
```
To build for 32-bit Windows:
```bash
pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-toolchain make mingw-w64-i686-cmake mingw-w64-i686-boost mingw-w64-i686-openssl mingw-w64-i686-zeromq mingw-w64-i686-libsodium mingw-w64-i686-hidapi
```
* Open the MingW shell via `MinGW-w64-Win64 Shell` shortcut on 64-bit Windows
or `MinGW-w64-Win64 Shell` shortcut on 32-bit Windows. Note that if you are
running 64-bit Windows, you will have both 64-bit and 32-bit MinGW shells.
* If you would like a specific [version/tag](https://github.com/monero-project/monero/tags), do a git checkout for that version. eg. 'v0.17.1.0'. If you don't care about the version and just want binaries from master, skip this step:
```bash
git checkout v0.17.1.0
```
* If you are on a 64-bit system, run:
```bash
make release-static-win64
```
* If you are on a 32-bit system, run:
```bash
make release-static-win32
```
* The resulting executables can be found in `build/release/bin`
* **Optional**: to build Windows binaries suitable for debugging on a 64-bit system, run:
```bash
make debug-static-win64
```
* **Optional**: to build Windows binaries suitable for debugging on a 32-bit system, run:
```bash
make debug-static-win32
```
* The resulting executables can be found in `build/debug/bin`
### On FreeBSD:
The project can be built from scratch by following instructions for Linux above(but use `gmake` instead of `make`).
If you are running Monero in a jail, you need to add `sysvsem="new"` to your jail configuration, otherwise lmdb will throw the error message: `Failed to open lmdb environment: Function not implemented`.
Monero is also available as a port or package as 'monero-cli`.
### On OpenBSD:
You will need to add a few packages to your system. `pkg_add cmake gmake zeromq libiconv boost`.
The `doxygen` and `graphviz` packages are optional and require the xbase set.
Running the test suite also requires `py-requests` package.
Note: you may encounter the following error when compiling the latest version of Monero as a normal user:
```
LLVM ERROR: out of memory
c++: error: unable to execute command: Abort trap (core dumped)
```
Then you need to increase the data ulimit size to 2GB and try again: `ulimit -d 2000000`
### On NetBSD:
Check that the dependencies are present: `pkg_info -c libexecinfo boost-headers boost-libs protobuf readline libusb1 zeromq git-base pkgconf gmake cmake | more`, and install any that are reported missing, using `pkg_add` or from your pkgsrc tree. Readline is optional but worth having.
Third-party dependencies are usually under `/usr/pkg/`, but if you have a custom setup, adjust the "/usr/pkg" (below) accordingly.
Clone the monero repository recursively and checkout the most recent release as described above. Then build monero: `gmake BOOST_ROOT=/usr/pkg LDFLAGS="-Wl,-R/usr/pkg/lib" release`. The resulting executables can be found in `build/NetBSD/[Release version]/Release/bin/`.
### On Solaris:
The default Solaris linker can't be used, you have to install GNU ld, then run cmake manually with the path to your copy of GNU ld:
By default, in either dynamically or statically linked builds, binaries target the specific host processor on which the build happens and are not portable to other processors. Portable binaries can be built using the following targets:
* ```make release-static-linux-x86_64``` builds binaries on Linux on x86_64 portable across POSIX systems on x86_64 processors
* ```make release-static-linux-i686``` builds binaries on Linux on x86_64 or i686 portable across POSIX systems on i686 processors
* ```make release-static-linux-armv8``` builds binaries on Linux portable across POSIX systems on armv8 processors
* ```make release-static-linux-armv7``` builds binaries on Linux portable across POSIX systems on armv7 processors
* ```make release-static-linux-armv6``` builds binaries on Linux portable across POSIX systems on armv6 processors
* ```make release-static-win64``` builds binaries on 64-bit Windows portable across 64-bit Windows systems
* ```make release-static-win32``` builds binaries on 64-bit or 32-bit Windows portable across 32-bit Windows systems
### Cross Compiling
You can also cross-compile static binaries on Linux for Windows and macOS with the `depends` system.
* ```make depends target=x86_64-linux-gnu``` for 64-bit linux binaries.
* ```make depends target=x86_64-w64-mingw32``` for 64-bit windows binaries.
* ```make depends target=i686-linux-gnu``` for 32-bit linux binaries.
* Requires: `g++-multilib bc`
* ```make depends target=i686-w64-mingw32``` for 32-bit windows binaries.
* Requires: `python3 g++-mingw-w64-i686`
* ```make depends target=arm-linux-gnueabihf``` for armv7 binaries.
* Requires: `g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf`
* ```make depends target=aarch64-linux-gnu``` for armv8 binaries.
* Requires: `g++-aarch64-linux-gnu`
* ```make depends target=riscv64-linux-gnu``` for RISC V 64 bit binaries.
* Requires: `g++-riscv64-linux-gnu`
* ```make depends target=x86_64-unknown-freebsd``` for freebsd binaries.
* Requires: `clang-8`
* ```make depends target=arm-linux-android``` for 32bit android binaries
* ```make depends target=aarch64-linux-android``` for 64bit android binaries
The required packages are the names for each toolchain on apt. Depending on your distro, they may have different names.
Using `depends` might also be easier to compile Monero on Windows than using MSYS. Activate Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) with a distro (for example Ubuntu), install the apt build-essentials and follow the `depends` steps as depicted above.
The produced binaries still link libc dynamically. If the binary is compiled on a current distribution, it might not run on an older distribution with an older installation of libc. Passing `-DBACKCOMPAT=ON` to cmake will make sure that the binary will run on systems having at least libc version 2.17.
## Installing Monero from a package
**DISCLAIMER: These packages are not part of this repository or maintained by this project's contributors, and as such, do not go through the same review process to ensure their trustworthiness and security.**
## Installing from a package
Packages are available for
* Debian Buster
* Arch Linux/Manjaro
See the [instructions in the whonix/monero-gui repository](https://gitlab.com/whonix/monero-gui#how-to-install-monero-using-apt-get)
yay -S wownero-git
* Debian Bullseye and Sid
* Gentoo - Russian hacking tool
```bash
sudo apt install monero
```
More info and versions in the [Debian package tracker](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/monero).
**DISCLAIMER: These packages are not part of this repository, and as such, do not go through the same review process to ensure their trustworthiness and security.**
As of May 2020, the full Monero blockchain file is about 100 GB. One can store a pruned blockchain, which is about 30 GB.
A pruned blockchain can only serve part of the historical chain data to other peers, but is otherwise identical in
functionality to the full blockchain.
To use a pruned blockchain, it is best to start the initial sync with `--prune-blockchain`. However, it is also possible
to prune an existing blockchain using the `monero-blockchain-prune` tool or using the `--prune-blockchain``monerod` option
with an existing chain. If an existing chain exists, pruning will temporarily require disk space to store both the full
and pruned blockchains.
Once node is synced to network, run the CLI wallet by entering:
For more detailed information see the ['Pruning' entry in the Moneropedia](https://www.getmonero.org/resources/moneropedia/pruning.html)
./bin/wownero-wallet-cli
## Debugging
Type `help` in CLI wallet to see standard commands (for advanced options, type `help_advanced`).
This section contains general instructions for debugging failed installs or problems encountered with Monero. First, ensure you are running the latest version built from the Github repo.
## Tor Anonymity Network
### Obtaining stack traces and core dumps on Unix systems
* Open `torrc` file in a text editor ([installation directory]/Browser/TorBrowser/Data/Tor/torrc) and add hidden service information as follows:
We generally use the tool `gdb` (GNU debugger) to provide stack trace functionality, and `ulimit` to provide core dumps in builds which crash or segfault.
* To use `gdb` in order to obtain a stack trace for a build that has stalled:
Run the build.
Once it stalls, enter the following command:
```bash
gdb /path/to/monerod `pidof monerod`
```
Type `thread apply all bt` within gdb in order to obtain the stack trace
* If however the core dumps or segfaults:
Enter `ulimit -c unlimited` on the command line to enable unlimited filesizes for core dumps
Enter `echo core | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern` to stop cores from being hijacked by other tools
Run the build.
When it terminates with an output along the lines of "Segmentation fault (core dumped)", there should be a core dump file in the same directory as monerod. It may be named just `core`, or `core.xxxx` with numbers appended.
You can now analyse this core dump with `gdb` as follows:
You can then run the monero tools normally. Performance will typically halve.
#### valgrind
Install valgrind and run as `valgrind /path/to/monerod`. It will be very slow.
### LMDB
### Access remote Tor node from CLI wallet
Instructions for debugging suspected blockchain corruption as per @HYC
There is an `mdb_stat` command in the LMDB source that can print statistics about the database but it's not routinely built. This can be built with the following command:
The output of `mdb_stat -ea <path to blockchain dir>` will indicate inconsistencies in the blocks, block_heights and block_info table.
The output of `mdb_dump -s blocks <path to blockchain dir>` and `mdb_dump -s block_info <path to blockchain dir>` is useful for indicating whether blocks and block_info contain the same keys.
These records are dumped as hex data, where the first line is the key and the second line is the data.
# Known Issues
## Protocols
### Socket-based
Because of the nature of the socket-based protocols that drive monero, certain protocol weaknesses are somewhat unavoidable at this time. While these weaknesses can theoretically be fully mitigated, the effort required (the means) may not justify the ends. As such, please consider taking the following precautions if you are a monero node operator:
- Run `monerod` on a "secured" machine. If operational security is not your forte, at a very minimum, have a dedicated a computer running `monerod` and **do not** browse the web, use email clients, or use any other potentially harmful apps on your `monerod` machine. **Do not click links or load URL/MUA content on the same machine**. Doing so may potentially exploit weaknesses in commands which accept "localhost" and "127.0.0.1".
- If you plan on hosting a public "remote" node, start `monerod` with `--restricted-rpc`. This is a must.
### Blockchain-based
Certain blockchain "features" can be considered "bugs" if misused correctly. Consequently, please consider the following:
- When receiving monero, be aware that it may be locked for an arbitrary time if the sender elected to, preventing you from spending that monero until the lock time expires. You may want to hold off acting upon such a transaction until the unlock time lapses. To get a sense of that time, you can consider the remaining blocktime until unlock as seen in the `show_transfers` command.
Use port `9050` instead of `9150` if you installed Tor as a standalone daemon. For more information, check out [ANONYMITY_NETWORKS](https://git.wownero.com/wownero/wownero/src/branch/master/ANONYMITY_NETWORKS.md).
parser=argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Script for running full Gitian builds.',usage='%(prog)s [options] signer version')
parser.add_argument('-c','--commit',action='store_true',dest='commit',help='Indicate that the version argument is for a commit or branch')
parser.add_argument('-p','--pull',action='store_true',dest='pull',help='Indicate that the version argument is the number of a github repository pull request')
parser.add_argument('-u','--url',dest='url',default='https://github.com/monero-project/monero',help='Specify the URL of the repository. Default is %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-u','--url',dest='url',default='https://git.wownero.com/wownero/wownero',help='Specify the URL of the repository. Default is %(default)s')
parser.add_argument('-v','--verify',action='store_true',dest='verify',help='Verify the Gitian build')
parser.add_argument('-b','--build',action='store_true',dest='build',help='Do a Gitian build')
parser.add_argument('-B','--buildsign',action='store_true',dest='buildsign',help='Build both signed and unsigned binaries')
constuint64_tbp_base=(32*((plus?6:9)+7*2))/2;// notional size of a 2 output proof, normalized to 1 proof (ie, divided by 2)
constsize_tn_outputs=tx.vout.size();
if(n_padded_outputs<=2)
return0;
@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
while((1u<<nlr)<n_padded_outputs)
++nlr;
nlr+=6;
constsize_tbp_size=32*(9+2*nlr);
constsize_tbp_size=32*((plus?6:9)+2*nlr);
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_THROW_MES_L1(n_outputs<=BULLETPROOF_MAX_OUTPUTS,"maximum number of outputs is "+std::to_string(BULLETPROOF_MAX_OUTPUTS)+" per transaction");
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<uint64_t>arg_bg_mining_min_idle_interval_seconds={"bg-mining-min-idle-interval","Specify min lookback interval in seconds for determining idle state",miner::BACKGROUND_MINING_DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE_INTERVAL_IN_SECONDS,true};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<uint16_t>arg_bg_mining_idle_threshold_percentage={"bg-mining-idle-threshold","Specify minimum avg idle percentage over lookback interval",miner::BACKGROUND_MINING_DEFAULT_IDLE_THRESHOLD_PERCENTAGE,true};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<uint16_t>arg_bg_mining_miner_target_percentage={"bg-mining-miner-target","Specify maximum percentage cpu use by miner(s)",miner::BACKGROUND_MINING_DEFAULT_MINING_TARGET_PERCENTAGE,true};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<std::string>arg_spendkey={"spendkey","Specify secret spend key used for mining","",true};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<std::string>arg_vote={"vote","Vote for proposals.","",true};
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(b.miner_tx.unlock_time==height+CRYPTONOTE_MINED_MONEY_UNLOCK_WINDOW,false,"coinbase transaction transaction has the wrong unlock time="<<b.miner_tx.unlock_time<<", expected "<<height+CRYPTONOTE_MINED_MONEY_UNLOCK_WINDOW);
if(hf_version>=HF_VERSION_FIXED_UNLOCK)
{
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(b.miner_tx.unlock_time==height+CRYPTONOTE_MINED_MONEY_UNLOCK_WINDOW_V2,false,"coinbase transaction transaction has the wrong unlock time="
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(b.miner_tx.unlock_time==height+CRYPTONOTE_MINED_MONEY_UNLOCK_WINDOW,false,"coinbase transaction transaction has the wrong unlock time="
MERROR_VER("Timestamp of block with id: "<<get_block_hash(b)<<", "<<b.timestamp<<", less than median of last "<<BLOCKCHAIN_TIMESTAMP_CHECK_WINDOW<<" blocks, "<<median_ts);
MERROR_VER("Timestamp of block with id: "<<get_block_hash(b)<<", "<<b.timestamp<<", less than median of last "<<blockchain_timestamp_check_window<<" blocks, "<<median_ts);
<<"Caution: Wownero is highly experimental software compiled by a ragtag team of stoners with as much"<<ENDL
<<"skill as Verge developers. Storing your life savings in WOW is probably not a good idea."<<ENDL
<<ENDL
<<"You can set the level of process detailization through \"set_log <level|categories>\" command,"<<ENDL
<<"where <level> is between 0 (no details) and 4 (very verbose), or custom category based levels (eg, *:WARNING)."<<ENDL
<<ENDL
@ -1965,7 +2074,7 @@ namespace cryptonote
MDEBUG("blocks in the last "<<seconds[n]/60<<" minutes: "<<b<<" (probability "<<p<<")");
if(p<threshold)
{
MWARNING("There were "<<b<<(b==max_blocks_checked?" or more":"")<<" blocks in the last "<<seconds[n]/60<<" minutes, there might be large hash rate changes, or we might be partitioned, cut off from the Monero network or under attack, or your computer's time is off. Or it could be just sheer bad luck.");
MDEBUG("There were "<<b<<(b==max_blocks_checked?" or more":"")<<" blocks in the last "<<seconds[n]/60<<" minutes, there might be large hash rate changes, or we might be partitioned, cut off from the Wownero network or under attack, or your computer's time is off. Or it could be just sheer bad luck.");
tx.rct_signatures=rct::genRct(rct::hash2rct(tx_prefix_hash),inSk,destinations,outamounts,mixRing,amount_keys,msout?&kLRki[0]:NULL,msout,sources[0].real_output,outSk,rct_config,hwdev);// same index assumption
// version 2 starts from block 1009827, which is on or around the 20th of March, 2016. Fork time finalised on 2015-09-20. No fork voting occurs for the v2 fork.
{2,1009827,0,1442763710},
// version 3 starts from block 1141317, which is on or around the 24th of September, 2016. Fork time finalised on 2016-03-21.
{3,1141317,0,1458558528},
// version 4 starts from block 1220516, which is on or around the 5th of January, 2017. Fork time finalised on 2016-09-18.
{4,1220516,0,1483574400},
// version 5 starts from block 1288616, which is on or around the 15th of April, 2017. Fork time finalised on 2017-03-14.
{5,1288616,0,1489520158},
// version 6 starts from block 1400000, which is on or around the 16th of September, 2017. Fork time finalised on 2017-08-18.
{6,1400000,0,1503046577},
// version 7 starts from block 1546000, which is on or around the 6th of April, 2018. Fork time finalised on 2018-03-17.
{7,1546000,0,1521303150},
// version 8 starts from block 1685555, which is on or around the 18th of October, 2018. Fork time finalised on 2018-09-02.
{8,1685555,0,1535889547},
// version 9 starts from block 1686275, which is on or around the 19th of October, 2018. Fork time finalised on 2018-09-02.
{9,1686275,0,1535889548},
// version 10 starts from block 1788000, which is on or around the 9th of March, 2019. Fork time finalised on 2019-02-10.
{10,1788000,0,1549792439},
// version 11 starts from block 1788720, which is on or around the 10th of March, 2019. Fork time finalised on 2019-02-15.
{11,1788720,0,1550225678},
// version 12 starts from block 1978433, which is on or around the 30th of November, 2019. Fork time finalised on 2019-10-18.
// version 2 starts from block 624634, which is on or around the 23rd of November, 2015. Fork time finalised on 2015-11-20. No fork voting occurs for the v2 fork.
{2,624634,0,1445355000},
// versions 3-5 were passed in rapid succession from September 18th, 2016
{3,800500,0,1472415034},
{4,801219,0,1472415035},
{5,802660,0,1472415036+86400*180},// add 5 months on testnet to shut the update warning up since there's a large gap to v6
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(rv.type==RCTTypeSimple||rv.type==RCTTypeBulletproof||rv.type==RCTTypeBulletproof2||rv.type==RCTTypeCLSAG,false,"decodeRct called on non simple rctSig");
CHECK_AND_ASSERT_MES(rv.type==RCTTypeSimple||rv.type==RCTTypeBulletproof||rv.type==RCTTypeBulletproof2||rv.type==RCTTypeSimpleBulletproof ||rv.type==RCTTypeCLSAG||rv.type==RCTTypeBulletproofPlus,false,"decodeRct called on non simple rctSig");
#define MIN_RING_SIZE 11// Used to inform user about min ring size -- does not track actual protocol
#define MIN_RING_SIZE 22// Used to inform user about min ring size -- does not track actual protocol
#define OLD_AGE_WARN_THRESHOLD (30 * 86400 / DIFFICULTY_TARGET_V2) // 30 days
@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<bool>arg_allow_mismatched_daemon_version={"allow-mismatched-daemon-version",sw::tr("Allow communicating with a daemon that uses a different RPC version"),false};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<uint64_t>arg_restore_height={"restore-height",sw::tr("Restore from specific blockchain height"),0};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<std::string>arg_restore_date={"restore-date",sw::tr("Restore from estimated blockchain height on specified date"),""};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<bool>arg_do_not_relay={"do-not-relay",sw::tr("The newly created transaction will not be relayed to the monero network"),false};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<bool>arg_do_not_relay={"do-not-relay",sw::tr("The newly created transaction will not be relayed to the wownero network"),false};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<bool>arg_create_address_file={"create-address-file",sw::tr("Create an address file for new wallets"),false};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<std::string>arg_subaddress_lookahead={"subaddress-lookahead",tools::wallet2::tr("Set subaddress lookahead sizes to <major>:<minor>"),""};
constcommand_line::arg_descriptor<bool>arg_use_english_language_names={"use-english-language-names",sw::tr("Display English language names"),false};
message_writer()<<tr("Welcome to Monero, the private cryptocurrency.");
message_writer()<<tr("Welcome to Wownero, a private meme cryptocurrency.");
message_writer()<<"";
message_writer()<<tr("Monero, like Bitcoin, is a cryptocurrency. That is, it is digital money.");
message_writer()<<tr("Unlike Bitcoin, your Monero transactions and balance stay private and are not visible to the world by default.");
message_writer()<<tr("Wownero, like Monero, is a bad ass cryptocurrency. That is, it is magic internet money.");
message_writer()<<tr("Unlike Bitcoin, your Wownero transactions and balance stay private and are not visible to the world by default.");
message_writer()<<tr("However, you have the option of making those available to select parties if you choose to.");
message_writer()<<"";
message_writer()<<tr("Monero protects your privacy on the blockchain, and while Monero strives to improve all the time,");
message_writer()<<tr("Wownero protects your questionable purchasing habits on the blockchain, and while Wownero strives to copy Monero as much as we can,");
message_writer()<<tr("no privacy technology can be 100% perfect, Monero included.");
message_writer()<<tr("Monero cannot protect you from malware, and it may not be as effective as we hope against powerful adversaries.");
message_writer()<<tr("Flaws in Monero may be discovered in the future, and attacks may be developed to peek under some");
message_writer()<<tr("of the layers of privacy Monero provides. Be safe and practice defense in depth.");
message_writer()<<tr("No one can protect you from anything!!!");
message_writer()<<tr("Flaws in Wownero are likely, and script kiddies are dumb enough to attack the network.");
message_writer()<<tr("Be safe and practice defense in depth.");
message_writer()<<"";
message_writer()<<tr("Welcome to Monero and financial privacy. For more information see https://GetMonero.org");
message_writer()<<tr("Welcome to Wownero and enterprise level trolling. For more information, see http://wownero.org");
CHECK_SIMPLE_VARIABLE("refresh-type",set_refresh_type,tr("full (slowest, no assumptions); optimize-coinbase (fast, assumes the whole coinbase is paid to a single address); no-coinbase (fastest, assumes we receive no coinbase transaction), default (same as optimize-coinbase)"));
CHECK_SIMPLE_VARIABLE("priority",set_default_priority,tr("0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, or one of ")<<join_priority_strings(", "));
message_writer()<<(boost::format(tr("Donating %s %s to The Monero Project (donate.getmonero.org or %s)."))%amount_str%cryptonote::get_unit(cryptonote::get_default_decimal_point())%MONERO_DONATION_ADDR).str();
message_writer()<<(boost::format(tr("Donating %s %s to The Wownero Project (donate.wownero.org or %s)."))%amount_str%cryptonote::get_unit(cryptonote::get_default_decimal_point())%MONERO_DONATION_ADDR).str();
else
message_writer()<<(boost::format(tr("Donating %s %s to %s."))%amount_str%cryptonote::get_unit(cryptonote::get_default_decimal_point())%address_str).str();
sw::tr("This is the command line monero wallet. It needs to connect to a monero\ndaemon to work correctly.\nWARNING: Do not reuse your Monero keys on another fork, UNLESS this fork has key reuse mitigations built in. Doing so will harm your privacy."),
@ -835,7 +835,14 @@ size_t estimate_rct_tx_size(int n_inputs, int mixin, int n_outputs, size_t extra
size+=1;
// rangeSigs
if(bulletproof)
if(bulletproof_plus)
{
size_tlog_padded_outputs=0;
while((1<<log_padded_outputs)<n_outputs)
++log_padded_outputs;
size+=(2*(6+log_padded_outputs)+6)*32+3;
}
elseif(bulletproof)
{
size_tlog_padded_outputs=0;
while((1<<log_padded_outputs)<n_outputs)
@ -863,29 +870,29 @@ size_t estimate_rct_tx_size(int n_inputs, int mixin, int n_outputs, size_t extra
// txnFee
size+=4;
LOG_PRINT_L2("estimated "<<(bulletproof?"bulletproof":"borromean")<<" rct tx size for "<<n_inputs<<" inputs with ring size "<<(mixin+1)<<" and "<<n_outputs<<" outputs: "<<size<<" ("<<((32*n_inputs/*+1*/)+2*32*(mixin+1)*n_inputs+32*n_outputs)<<" saved)");
LOG_PRINT_L2("estimated "<<(bulletproof_plus ?"bulletproof plus":bulletproof?"bulletproof":"borromean")<<" rct tx size for "<<n_inputs<<" inputs with ring size "<<(mixin+1)<<" and "<<n_outputs<<" outputs: "<<size<<" ("<<((32*n_inputs/*+1*/)+2*32*(mixin+1)*n_inputs+32*n_outputs)<<" saved)");
boost::optional<epee::wipeable_string>pwd=m_callback->on_get_password(pool?"output found in pool":"output received");
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(!pwd,error::password_needed,tr("Password is needed to compute key image for incoming monero"));
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(!verify_password(*pwd),error::password_needed,tr("Invalid password: password is needed to compute key image for incoming monero"));
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(!pwd,error::password_needed,tr("Password is needed to compute key image for incoming wownero"));
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(!verify_password(*pwd),error::password_needed,tr("Invalid password: password is needed to compute key image for incoming wownero"));
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(tx_weight_one_ring>tx_weight_two_rings,error::wallet_internal_error,"Estimated tx weight with 1 input is larger than with 2 inputs!");
THROW_WALLET_EXCEPTION_IF(tx_weight_one_ring>tx_weight_two_rings,error::wallet_internal_error,"Estimated tx weight with 1 input is larger than with 2 inputs!");
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