It introduces random integer math into the main loop.release-v0.5.0
parent
df637cd08c
commit
870b4138a6
@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
|
|||||||
|
#ifndef VARIANT4_RANDOM_MATH_H
|
||||||
|
#define VARIANT4_RANDOM_MATH_H
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Register size can be configured to either 32 bit (uint32_t) or 64 bit (uint64_t)
|
||||||
|
typedef uint32_t v4_reg;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
enum V4_Settings
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
// Generate code with minimal theoretical latency = 45 cycles, which is equivalent to 15 multiplications
|
||||||
|
TOTAL_LATENCY = 15 * 3,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Always generate at least 60 instructions
|
||||||
|
NUM_INSTRUCTIONS = 60,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Available ALUs for MUL
|
||||||
|
// Modern CPUs typically have only 1 ALU which can do multiplications
|
||||||
|
ALU_COUNT_MUL = 1,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Total available ALUs
|
||||||
|
// Modern CPUs have 4 ALUs, but we use only 3 because random math executes together with other main loop code
|
||||||
|
ALU_COUNT = 3,
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
enum V4_InstructionList
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
MUL, // a*b
|
||||||
|
ADD, // a+b + C, -128 <= C <= 127
|
||||||
|
SUB, // a-b
|
||||||
|
ROR, // rotate right "a" by "b & 31" bits
|
||||||
|
ROL, // rotate left "a" by "b & 31" bits
|
||||||
|
XOR, // a^b
|
||||||
|
RET, // finish execution
|
||||||
|
V4_INSTRUCTION_COUNT = RET,
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// V4_InstructionCompact is used to generate code from random data
|
||||||
|
// Every random sequence of bytes is a valid code
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// There are 8 registers in total:
|
||||||
|
// - 4 variable registers
|
||||||
|
// - 4 constant registers initialized from loop variables
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// This is why dst_index is 2 bits
|
||||||
|
struct V4_InstructionCompact
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
uint8_t opcode : 3;
|
||||||
|
uint8_t dst_index : 2;
|
||||||
|
uint8_t src_index : 3;
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
struct V4_Instruction
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
uint8_t opcode;
|
||||||
|
uint8_t dst_index;
|
||||||
|
uint8_t src_index;
|
||||||
|
uint32_t C;
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#ifndef FORCEINLINE
|
||||||
|
#ifdef __GNUC__
|
||||||
|
#define FORCEINLINE __attribute__((always_inline)) inline
|
||||||
|
#elif _MSC_VER
|
||||||
|
#define FORCEINLINE __forceinline
|
||||||
|
#else
|
||||||
|
#define FORCEINLINE inline
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#ifndef UNREACHABLE_CODE
|
||||||
|
#ifdef __GNUC__
|
||||||
|
#define UNREACHABLE_CODE __builtin_unreachable()
|
||||||
|
#elif _MSC_VER
|
||||||
|
#define UNREACHABLE_CODE __assume(false)
|
||||||
|
#else
|
||||||
|
#define UNREACHABLE_CODE
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Random math interpreter's loop is fully unrolled and inlined to achieve 100% branch prediction on CPU:
|
||||||
|
// every switch-case will point to the same destination on every iteration of Cryptonight main loop
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// This is about as fast as it can get without using low-level machine code generation
|
||||||
|
static FORCEINLINE void v4_random_math(const struct V4_Instruction* code, v4_reg* r)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
enum
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
REG_BITS = sizeof(v4_reg) * 8,
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#define V4_EXEC(i) \
|
||||||
|
{ \
|
||||||
|
const struct V4_Instruction* op = code + i; \
|
||||||
|
const v4_reg src = r[op->src_index]; \
|
||||||
|
v4_reg* dst = r + op->dst_index; \
|
||||||
|
switch (op->opcode) \
|
||||||
|
{ \
|
||||||
|
case MUL: \
|
||||||
|
*dst *= src; \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case ADD: \
|
||||||
|
*dst += src + op->C; \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case SUB: \
|
||||||
|
*dst -= src; \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case ROR: \
|
||||||
|
{ \
|
||||||
|
const uint32_t shift = src % REG_BITS; \
|
||||||
|
*dst = (*dst >> shift) | (*dst << (REG_BITS - shift)); \
|
||||||
|
} \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case ROL: \
|
||||||
|
{ \
|
||||||
|
const uint32_t shift = src % REG_BITS; \
|
||||||
|
*dst = (*dst << shift) | (*dst >> (REG_BITS - shift)); \
|
||||||
|
} \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case XOR: \
|
||||||
|
*dst ^= src; \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
case RET: \
|
||||||
|
return; \
|
||||||
|
default: \
|
||||||
|
UNREACHABLE_CODE; \
|
||||||
|
break; \
|
||||||
|
} \
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#define V4_EXEC_10(j) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 0) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 1) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 2) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 3) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 4) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 5) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 6) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 7) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 8) \
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC(j + 9)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Generated program can have 60 + a few more (usually 2-3) instructions to achieve required latency
|
||||||
|
// I've checked all block heights < 10,000,000 and here is the distribution of program sizes:
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// 60 28495
|
||||||
|
// 61 106077
|
||||||
|
// 62 2455855
|
||||||
|
// 63 5114930
|
||||||
|
// 64 1020868
|
||||||
|
// 65 1109026
|
||||||
|
// 66 151756
|
||||||
|
// 67 8429
|
||||||
|
// 68 4477
|
||||||
|
// 69 87
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Unroll 70 instructions here
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(0); // instructions 0-9
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(10); // instructions 10-19
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(20); // instructions 20-29
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(30); // instructions 30-39
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(40); // instructions 40-49
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(50); // instructions 50-59
|
||||||
|
V4_EXEC_10(60); // instructions 60-69
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#undef V4_EXEC_10
|
||||||
|
#undef V4_EXEC
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// If we don't have enough data available, generate more
|
||||||
|
static FORCEINLINE void check_data(size_t* data_index, const size_t bytes_needed, char* data, const size_t data_size)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if (*data_index + bytes_needed > data_size)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
hash_extra_blake(data, sizeof(data), data);
|
||||||
|
*data_index = 0;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Generates as many random math operations as possible with given latency and ALU restrictions
|
||||||
|
static inline int v4_random_math_init(struct V4_Instruction* code, const uint64_t height)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
// MUL is 3 cycles, 3-way addition and rotations are 2 cycles, SUB/XOR are 1 cycle
|
||||||
|
// These latencies match real-life instruction latencies for Intel CPUs starting from Sandy Bridge and up to Skylake/Coffee lake
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// AMD Ryzen has the same latencies except 1-cycle ROR/ROL, so it'll be a bit faster than Intel Sandy Bridge and newer processors
|
||||||
|
// Surprisingly, Intel Nehalem also has 1-cycle ROR/ROL, so it'll also be faster than Intel Sandy Bridge and newer processors
|
||||||
|
// AMD Bulldozer has 4 cycles latency for MUL (slower than Intel) and 1 cycle for ROR/ROL (faster than Intel), so average performance will be the same
|
||||||
|
// Source: https://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf
|
||||||
|
const int op_latency[V4_INSTRUCTION_COUNT] = { 3, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1 };
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Instruction latencies for theoretical ASIC implementation
|
||||||
|
const int asic_op_latency[V4_INSTRUCTION_COUNT] = { 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 };
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Available ALUs for each instruction
|
||||||
|
const int op_ALUs[V4_INSTRUCTION_COUNT] = { ALU_COUNT_MUL, ALU_COUNT, ALU_COUNT, ALU_COUNT, ALU_COUNT, ALU_COUNT };
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
char data[32];
|
||||||
|
memset(data, 0, sizeof(data));
|
||||||
|
*((uint64_t*)data) = height;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
size_t data_index = sizeof(data);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
int code_size;
|
||||||
|
do {
|
||||||
|
int latency[8];
|
||||||
|
int asic_latency[8];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Tracks previous instruction and value of the source operand for registers R0-R3 throughout code execution
|
||||||
|
// byte 0: current value of the destination register
|
||||||
|
// byte 1: instruction opcode
|
||||||
|
// byte 2: current value of the source register
|
||||||
|
//
|
||||||
|
// Registers R4-R7 are constant and are threatened as having the same value because when we do
|
||||||
|
// the same operation twice with two constant source registers, it can be optimized into a single operation
|
||||||
|
int inst_data[8] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
bool alu_busy[TOTAL_LATENCY + 1][ALU_COUNT];
|
||||||
|
bool is_rotation[V4_INSTRUCTION_COUNT];
|
||||||
|
bool rotated[4];
|
||||||
|
int rotate_count = 0;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
memset(latency, 0, sizeof(latency));
|
||||||
|
memset(asic_latency, 0, sizeof(asic_latency));
|
||||||
|
memset(alu_busy, 0, sizeof(alu_busy));
|
||||||
|
memset(is_rotation, 0, sizeof(is_rotation));
|
||||||
|
memset(rotated, 0, sizeof(rotated));
|
||||||
|
is_rotation[ROR] = true;
|
||||||
|
is_rotation[ROL] = true;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
int num_retries = 0;
|
||||||
|
code_size = 0;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Generate random code to achieve minimal required latency for our abstract CPU
|
||||||
|
// Try to get this latency for all 4 registers
|
||||||
|
while (((latency[0] < TOTAL_LATENCY) || (latency[1] < TOTAL_LATENCY) || (latency[2] < TOTAL_LATENCY) || (latency[3] < TOTAL_LATENCY)) && (num_retries < 64))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
check_data(&data_index, 1, data, sizeof(data));
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
struct V4_InstructionCompact op = ((struct V4_InstructionCompact*)data)[data_index++];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// MUL = opcodes 0-2
|
||||||
|
// ADD = opcode 3
|
||||||
|
// SUB = opcode 4
|
||||||
|
// ROR/ROL = opcode 5, shift direction is selected randomly
|
||||||
|
// XOR = opcodes 6-7
|
||||||
|
uint8_t opcode = (op.opcode <= 2) ? MUL : (op.opcode - 2);
|
||||||
|
if (op.opcode == 5)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
check_data(&data_index, 1, data, sizeof(data));
|
||||||
|
opcode = (data[data_index++] >= 0) ? ROR : ROL;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
else if (op.opcode >= 6)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
opcode = XOR;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const int a = op.dst_index;
|
||||||
|
int b = op.src_index;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Don't do ADD/SUB/XOR with the same register
|
||||||
|
if (((opcode == ADD) || (opcode == SUB) || (opcode == XOR)) && (a == b))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
// a is always < 4, so we don't need to check bounds here
|
||||||
|
b = a + 4;
|
||||||
|
op.src_index = b;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Don't do rotation with the same destination twice because it's equal to a single rotation
|
||||||
|
if (is_rotation[opcode] && rotated[a])
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
continue;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Don't do the same instruction (except MUL) with the same source value twice because all other cases can be optimized:
|
||||||
|
// 2xADD(a, b, C) = ADD(a, b*2, C1+C2), same for SUB and rotations
|
||||||
|
// 2xXOR(a, b) = NOP
|
||||||
|
if ((opcode != MUL) && ((inst_data[a] & 0xFFFF00) == (opcode << 8) + ((inst_data[b] & 255) << 16)))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
continue;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Find which ALU is available (and when) for this instruction
|
||||||
|
int next_latency = (latency[a] > latency[b]) ? latency[a] : latency[b];
|
||||||
|
int alu_index = -1;
|
||||||
|
while (next_latency < TOTAL_LATENCY)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
for (int i = op_ALUs[opcode] - 1; i >= 0; --i)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if (!alu_busy[next_latency][i])
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
// ADD is implemented as two 1-cycle instructions on a real CPU, so do an additional availability check
|
||||||
|
if ((opcode == ADD) && alu_busy[next_latency + 1][i])
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
continue;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Rotation can only start when previous rotation is finished, so do an additional availability check
|
||||||
|
if (is_rotation[opcode] && (next_latency < rotate_count * op_latency[opcode]))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
continue;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
alu_index = i;
|
||||||
|
break;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
if (alu_index >= 0)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
break;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
++next_latency;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Don't generate instructions that leave some register unchanged for more than 7 cycles
|
||||||
|
if (next_latency > latency[a] + 7)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
continue;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
next_latency += op_latency[opcode];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (next_latency <= TOTAL_LATENCY)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if (is_rotation[opcode])
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
++rotate_count;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Mark ALU as busy only for the first cycle when it starts executing the instruction because ALUs are fully pipelined
|
||||||
|
alu_busy[next_latency - op_latency[opcode]][alu_index] = true;
|
||||||
|
latency[a] = next_latency;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ASIC is supposed to have enough ALUs to run as many independent instructions per cycle as possible, so latency calculation for ASIC is simple
|
||||||
|
asic_latency[a] = ((asic_latency[a] > asic_latency[b]) ? asic_latency[a] : asic_latency[b]) + asic_op_latency[opcode];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rotated[a] = is_rotation[opcode];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
inst_data[a] = code_size + (opcode << 8) + ((inst_data[b] & 255) << 16);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].opcode = opcode;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].dst_index = op.dst_index;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].src_index = op.src_index;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].C = 0;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (opcode == ADD)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
// ADD instruction is implemented as two 1-cycle instructions on a real CPU, so mark ALU as busy for the next cycle too
|
||||||
|
alu_busy[next_latency - op_latency[opcode] + 1][alu_index] = true;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ADD instruction requires 4 more random bytes for 32-bit constant "C" in "a = a + b + C"
|
||||||
|
check_data(&data_index, sizeof(uint32_t), data, sizeof(data));
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].C = *((uint32_t*)&data[data_index]);
|
||||||
|
data_index += sizeof(uint32_t);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
++code_size;
|
||||||
|
if (code_size >= NUM_INSTRUCTIONS)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
break;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
else
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
++num_retries;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ASIC has more execution resources and can extract as much parallelism from the code as possible
|
||||||
|
// We need to add a few more MUL and ROR instructions to achieve minimal required latency for ASIC
|
||||||
|
// Get this latency for at least 1 of the 4 registers
|
||||||
|
const int prev_code_size = code_size;
|
||||||
|
while ((asic_latency[0] < TOTAL_LATENCY) && (asic_latency[1] < TOTAL_LATENCY) && (asic_latency[2] < TOTAL_LATENCY) && (asic_latency[3] < TOTAL_LATENCY))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
int min_idx = 0;
|
||||||
|
int max_idx = 0;
|
||||||
|
for (int i = 1; i < 4; ++i)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if (asic_latency[i] < asic_latency[min_idx]) min_idx = i;
|
||||||
|
if (asic_latency[i] > asic_latency[max_idx]) max_idx = i;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const uint8_t pattern[3] = { ROR, MUL, MUL };
|
||||||
|
const uint8_t opcode = pattern[(code_size - prev_code_size) % 3];
|
||||||
|
latency[min_idx] = latency[max_idx] + op_latency[opcode];
|
||||||
|
asic_latency[min_idx] = asic_latency[max_idx] + asic_op_latency[opcode];
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].opcode = opcode;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].dst_index = min_idx;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].src_index = max_idx;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].C = 0;
|
||||||
|
++code_size;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// There is ~99.8% chance that code_size >= NUM_INSTRUCTIONS here, so second iteration is required rarely
|
||||||
|
} while (code_size < NUM_INSTRUCTIONS);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Add final instruction to stop the interpreter
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].opcode = RET;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].dst_index = 0;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].src_index = 0;
|
||||||
|
code[code_size].C = 0;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
return code_size;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#endif
|
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
|
|||||||
|
da8b319c5305ee30c4427f6d92fc022eadf64d6ddc190a98f76f340e36501947 5468697320697320612074657374205468697320697320612074657374205468697320697320612074657374 1806260
|
||||||
|
5651baabf26ce6a54e1fd151b6569cba720c353f9fc58af365aaebc55269afe0 4c6f72656d20697073756d20646f6c6f722073697420616d65742c20636f6e73656374657475722061646970697363696e67 1806261
|
||||||
|
2962bf37adbfea15929b937a208e13975b3cfaa4d45b6c0c9e3cb83382587bf6 656c69742c2073656420646f20656975736d6f642074656d706f7220696e6369646964756e74207574206c61626f7265 1806262
|
||||||
|
31be4ac4701e3f2687d13623b77842b1f3a7f63ffa8eff1f8779b051fcff4aa7 657420646f6c6f7265206d61676e6120616c697175612e20557420656e696d206164206d696e696d2076656e69616d2c 1806263
|
||||||
|
842dd9bc384f46700ff5b451b8fd6d123c24b9bd559813e65b40cbc5b6fd4e24 71756973206e6f737472756420657865726369746174696f6e20756c6c616d636f206c61626f726973206e697369 1806264
|
||||||
|
470684872a046ac5934f8fa6d14ce16b6dab3068cf5f7c1db4c878deac3319e0 757420616c697175697020657820656120636f6d6d6f646f20636f6e7365717561742e20447569732061757465 1806265
|
||||||
|
b3e98b59ed7e114356ab1b437b607bc2420cb650d6993d75b5027cfb341d7e65 697275726520646f6c6f7220696e20726570726568656e646572697420696e20766f6c7570746174652076656c6974 1806266
|
||||||
|
492cd553721b23337b30ef163336dc4411f6331d929be113a465dbabbe3794a6 657373652063696c6c756d20646f6c6f726520657520667567696174206e756c6c612070617269617475722e 1806267
|
||||||
|
9e5406153d8419dbecf083a460e161ad88c3d51bc6dd28df7303ef1b81cf76c9 4578636570746575722073696e74206f6363616563617420637570696461746174206e6f6e2070726f6964656e742c 1806268
|
||||||
|
f28575078964f99e4f8177373faf6a0b62d056e161289df048c83a4dd017b9fd 73756e7420696e2063756c706120717569206f666669636961206465736572756e74206d6f6c6c697420616e696d20696420657374206c61626f72756d2e 1806269
|
Loading…
Reference in new issue